Brewery tank implosion


์ด๋ฏธ์ง€

Brewery tank implosion

Three main causes

  • Condensation of steam if cold water is sprayed into a tank filled with steam, the steam condenses (tank implodes if there is no way of relieving the vacuum: 1 m 3 steam weighs 560 g 1 m 3 water weighs 1000 kg)
  • Reaction of CO 2 with caustic : CO 2 (gas) combines with NaOH to form NaHCO 3 (solid) Less rapid than thermal condensation, but needs to be managed by adequately sized vents, removal of CO 2 , or supply of air pressure during cleaning
  • Pumping out of a tank without adequate counter pressure or venting and failure of safety devices

์ฆ๊ธฐ ์‘์ถ•: ์ฆ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ฐจ์žˆ๋Š” ํƒฑํฌ์— ์ฐฌ๋ฌผ์„ ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฉด ์ฆ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์‘์ถ•๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค(์ง„๊ณต์„ ํ•ด์†Œํ•  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์—†์œผ๋ฉด ํƒฑํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ๋ถ•๊ดด๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: 1mยณ ์ฆ๊ธฐ๋Š” 560g์ด๊ณ  1mยณ ๋ฌผ์€ 1000kg์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค). ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ์™€ ๊ฐ€์„ฑ ์†Œ๋‹ค์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘: ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ(๊ฐ€์Šค)๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜์‚ฐํ™”๋‚˜ํŠธ๋ฅจ(NaOH)๊ณผ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํƒ„์‚ฐ๋‚˜ํŠธ๋ฅจ(NaHCOโ‚ƒ, ๊ณ ์ฒด)์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ด์‘์ถ•๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ํ™˜๊ธฐ๊ตฌ, ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ ์ œ๊ฑฐ ๋˜๋Š” ์ฒญ์†Œ ์ค‘ ๊ณต๊ธฐ ์••๋ ฅ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์—ญ์••์ด๋‚˜ ํ™˜๊ธฐ ์—†์ด ํƒฑํฌ๋ฅผ ํŽŒํ•‘ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์•ˆ์ „ ์žฅ์น˜๊ฐ€ ์‹คํŒจํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ: ํƒฑํฌ์—์„œ ์•ก์ฒด๋ฅผ ํŽŒํ•‘ํ•  ๋•Œ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์—ญ์••์ด๋‚˜ ํ™˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์—†๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ์•ˆ์ „ ์žฅ์น˜๊ฐ€ ์‹คํŒจํ•˜๋ฉด ํƒฑํฌ ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ๋ถ•๊ดด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.


์–‘์กฐ์žฅ ํƒฑํฌ ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ๋ถ•๊ดด๋Š” ๋“œ๋ฌธ ํ˜„์ƒ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ์†์ƒ์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์•ˆ์ „์— ์œ„ํ˜‘์„ ๊ฐ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–‘์กฐ์žฅ ํƒฑํฌ ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ๋ถ•๊ดด์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ์›์ธ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ง„๊ณต ์••๋ ฅ: ํƒฑํฌ ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ๋ถ•๊ดด์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์›์ธ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ํƒฑํฌ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์— ์ง„๊ณต ์••๋ ฅ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ํƒฑํฌ๋ฅผ ๋น„์šฐ๊ณ  ์ฒญ์†Œํ•  ๋•Œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ฒญ์†Œ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋œจ๊ฑฐ์šด ๋ฌผ์ด๋‚˜ ์ฆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํƒฑํฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹์œผ๋ฉด ํƒฑํฌ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์˜ ๊ณต๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜์ถ•ํ•˜์—ฌ ์Œ์••(์ง„๊ณต)์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํƒฑํฌ์˜ ํ™˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ๋ถˆ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ง‰ํžˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋‹ซํ˜€์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ง„๊ณต ์••๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ํƒฑํฌ ๋ฒฝ์ด ๋‚ด๋ถ€๋กœ ๋ถ•๊ดด๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ”ผํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ํƒฑํฌ์— ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ํ™˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ์žˆ๊ณ  ์ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ์ •๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ ๊ฒ€ ๋ฐ ์œ ์ง€ ๋ณด์ˆ˜๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ธฐ๊ณ„์  ์†์ƒ: ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ๋ถ•๊ดด๋Š” ํƒฑํฌ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์  ์†์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ œ์กฐ ๊ฒฐํ•จ, ๋ถ€์‹ ๋˜๋Š” ์ง€๊ฒŒ์ฐจ์™€์˜ ์ถฉ๋Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์™ธ๋ถ€ ํž˜์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์†์ƒ๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์•ฝํ•ด์ง„ ํƒฑํฌ ๋ฒฝ์€ ์ง„๊ณต ์••๋ ฅ์ด๋‚˜ ์ •์ƒ ์ž‘๋™ ์ค‘์— ๋ถ•๊ดด๋  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์•„์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํƒฑํฌ๋Š” ์†์ƒ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ถ€์‹์˜ ์ง•ํ›„๋ฅผ ์ •๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ฆ‰์‹œ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•œ ์˜จ๋„ ๋ณ€ํ™”: ํƒฑํฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•œ ์˜จ๋„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฒช์œผ๋ฉด, ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋œจ๊ฑฐ์šด ํƒฑํฌ์— ์ฐฌ ์•ก์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋“ค์–ด์˜ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ํƒฑํฌ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์— ์—ด ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ํƒฑํฌ ๋ฒฝ์ด ์•ฝํ•ด์ ธ ๋ถ•๊ดด๋  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์•„์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•œ ์˜จ๋„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ๋ถ•๊ดด ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ์ตœ์†Œํ™”ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ํƒฑํฌ์— ๋„ฃ๋Š” ์•ก์ฒด์˜ ์˜จ๋„๋ฅผ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์ œ์–ดํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทนํ•œ ์˜จ๋„์˜ ์•ก์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ์ฃผ์˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–‘์กฐ์žฅ ํƒฑํฌ ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ๋ถ•๊ดด๋Š” ๋“œ๋ฌผ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ž ์žฌ์  ์›์ธ์„ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ ์กฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ •๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ์ ๊ฒ€, ์œ ์ง€ ๋ณด์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ ์•ˆ์ „ ๊ทœ์ • ์ค€์ˆ˜๋Š” ์–‘์กฐ์žฅ ํƒฑํฌ์˜ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๊ณ  ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ์šด์˜์„ ๋ณด์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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