the difference between Ale and Lager brewing yeasts


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the difference between Ale and Lager brewing yeasts Ale and Lager brewing yeasts are two different types of yeast that are used in the production of beer. While they are both used to ferment sugars in the wort into alcohol and carbon dioxide, there are several key differences between Ale and Lager yeasts:

Temperature range: Ale yeasts are often referred to as โ€œtop-fermentingโ€ yeasts because they ferment best at higher temperatures (60-68ยฐF) and are capable of fermenting beer within a relatively short period of time (a few days to a week). On the other hand, Lager yeasts are โ€œbottom-fermentingโ€ yeasts that ferment best at cooler temperatures (45-55ยฐF) and require longer fermentation times (several weeks to a few months).

Flavor profile: Ale yeasts produce a fruity, estery flavor profile that complements the hop character of many styles of ale. Lager yeasts, on the other hand, produce a clean, crisp, and neutral flavor that is well-suited for light lagers and pilsners.

Fermentation speed: Ale yeasts ferment the wort quickly and efficiently, producing beer within a few days to a week. Lager yeasts, however, ferment the wort more slowly, taking several weeks to a few months to complete the fermentation process.

By-products: Ale yeasts produce a wide range of by-products that contribute to the flavor of the beer. Lager yeasts, however, produce fewer by-products and produce a cleaner, more neutral flavor.

In summary, Ale and Lager yeasts are two different types of yeast that are used in the production of beer. Ale yeasts ferment quickly and efficiently at higher temperatures, producing a fruity and estery flavor profile, while Lager yeasts ferment more slowly and efficiently at lower temperatures, producing a clean and neutral flavor. The choice of yeast depends on the style of beer being produced and the desired flavor profile. S. Postorianus (lager yeast), survives at lower temp <28c, bottom fermenting, possess an enzyme that hydrolyzes melibiose/raffinose S. Cerevisiae (ale yeast), more flavour compounds (esters), high temp survival <37c, top fermenting ์—์ผ๊ณผ ๋ผ๊ฑฐ ํšจ๋ชจ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด.

์—์ผ๊ณผ ๋ผ๊ฑฐ ์–‘์กฐ ํšจ๋ชจ๋Š” ๋งฅ์ฃผ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ํšจ๋ชจ์ด๋‹ค. ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋‹น์„ ๋ฐœํšจ์‹œ์ผœ ์•Œ์ฝ”์˜ฌ๊ณผ ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์—์ผ ํšจ๋ชจ์™€ ๋ผ๊ฑฐ ํšจ๋ชจ ์‚ฌ์ด์—๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ฃผ์š” ์ฐจ์ด์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค:

์˜จ๋„ ๋ฒ”์œ„: ์—์ผ ํšจ๋ชจ๋Š” ๋†’์€ ์˜จ๋„(6068ยฐF)์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ž˜ ๋ฐœํšจ๋˜๋ฉฐ ๋น„๊ต์  ์งง์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„(์ˆ˜์ผ1์ฃผ์ผ) ๋‚ด์— ๋งฅ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœํšจ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ โ€œ์ƒ๋ฉด ๋ฐœํšจโ€ ํšจ๋ชจ๋กœ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฐ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ๋ผ๊ฑฐ ํšจ๋ชจ๋Š” ๋” ์‹œ์›ํ•œ ์˜จ๋„(45-55ยฐF)์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ž˜ ๋ฐœํšจ๋˜๊ณ  ๋” ๊ธด ๋ฐœํšจ ์‹œ๊ฐ„(๋ช‡ ์ฃผ์—์„œ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐœ์›”)์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ โ€œํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฐœํšจโ€ ํšจ๋ชจ์ด๋‹ค.

๋ง› ํ”„๋กœํ•„: ์—์ผ ํšจ๋ชจ๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์Šคํƒ€์ผ์˜ ์—์ผ์˜ ํ™‰ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์™„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ผ ๊ฐ™์€, ์—์ผ ํ–ฅ๋ฏธ ํ”„๋กœํŒŒ์ผ์„ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ๋ผ๊ฑฐ ํšจ๋ชจ๋Š” ๋‹ด๋ฐฑํ•œ ๋ผ๊ฑฐ์™€ ํ•„์Šค๋„ˆ์— ์ž˜ ์–ด์šธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊น”๋”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ƒ์พŒํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋‰ดํŠธ๋Ÿดํ•œ ๋ง›์„ ๋‚ธ๋‹ค.

๋ฐœํšจ ์†๋„: ํšจ๋ชจ๋Š” ๋น ๋ฅด๊ณ  ํšจ์œจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœํšจ์‹œ์ผœ ๋ฉฐ์น ์—์„œ ์ผ์ฃผ์ผ ์•ˆ์— ๋งฅ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ผ๊ฑฐ ํšจ๋ชจ๋Š” ๋ฐœํšจ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์™„๋ฃŒํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋ช‡ ์ฃผ์—์„œ ๋ช‡ ๋‹ฌ์ด ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋” ์ฒœ์ฒœํžˆ ๋ฐœํšจ์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค.

๋ถ€์‚ฐ๋ฌผ: ์—์ผ ํšจ๋ชจ๋Š” ๋งฅ์ฃผ์˜ ํ’๋ฏธ์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ถ€์‚ฐ๋ฌผ์„ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ผ๊ฑฐ ํšจ๋ชจ๋Š” ๋ถ€์‚ฐ๋ฌผ์„ ์ ๊ฒŒ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ๋” ๊นจ๋—ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋” ๋‰ดํŠธ๋Ÿดํ•œ ๋ง›์„ ๋‚ธ๋‹ค.

์š”์•ฝํ•˜์ž๋ฉด, ์—์ผ ํšจ๋ชจ์™€ ๋ผ๊ฑฐ ํšจ๋ชจ๋Š” ๋งฅ์ฃผ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ํšจ๋ชจ๋‹ค. ์—์ผ ํšจ๋ชจ๋Š” ๋” ๋†’์€ ์˜จ๋„์—์„œ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ณ  ํšจ์œจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœํšจ๋˜์–ด ๊ณผ์ผ ํ–ฅ๊ณผ ์—์Šคํ„ฐ ํ–ฅ์„ ๋‚ด๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ๋ผ๊ฑฐ ํšจ๋ชจ๋Š” ๋” ๋‚ฎ์€ ์˜จ๋„์—์„œ ๋” ์ฒœ์ฒœํžˆ ํšจ์œจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœํšจ๋˜์–ด ๊นจ๋—ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‰ดํŠธ๋Ÿดํ•œ ํ–ฅ์„ ๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ํšจ๋ชจ์˜ ์„ ํƒ์€ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋˜๋Š” ๋งฅ์ฃผ์˜ ์Šคํƒ€์ผ๊ณผ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ง› ํ”„๋กœํ•„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง„๋‹ค. S. Postorianus (๋ผ๊ฑฐ ํšจ๋ชจ), ์ €์˜จ <28c์—์„œ ์ƒ์กด, ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฐœํšจ, ๋ฉœ๋ฆฌ๋น„์˜ค์Šค/๋ผํ”ผ๋…ธ์Šค๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ˆ˜๋ถ„ํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ํšจ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค
S. Cerevisiae (์—์ผ ํšจ๋ชจ), ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ํ–ฅ๋ฏธ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ (์—์Šคํ…Œ๋ฅด), ๋†’์€ ์˜จ๋„ ์ƒ์กด <37c, ์ƒ๋ฉด ๋ฐœํšจ

Ale: โ€“ top fermenting โ€“ chain forming โ€“ higher temperature survival (37 oC) โ€“ higher temperature fermentation (higher esters) โ€“ historically stronger flavours โ€“ Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Lager: โ€“ bottom fermenting โ€“ floc forming โ€“ lower temperature survival (28 oC?) โ€“ lower temperature fermentation (more sulphurs) โ€“ possess an enzyme that hydrolyzes melibiose/raffinose โ€“ S. pastorianus : a hybrid of S. cerevisiae and S. eubayanus, the name has changed over the years (S. carlsbergensis, S. uvarum, S. cerevisiae)

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